What encompasses the concept of data governance?

The concept of data governance fundamentally revolves around the management of data's availability, usability, integrity, and security. This encompasses a broad range of policies, procedures, and standards that organizations put in place to ensure that data is handled properly throughout its lifecycle.

In practice, this means establishing clear guidelines on who has access to data, how data is stored, how it can be used, and how it is protected against breaches or loss. Ensuring data integrity means maintaining the accuracy and consistency of the data over its entire lifecycle, which is critical for effective decision-making within an organization. These components are central to data governance as they collectively help organizations manage their data assets proactively and responsibly.

The other options, while they touch on aspects that may fall under the broader umbrella of data management, do not accurately encapsulate the full scope of data governance. For instance, managing software licenses and access permissions focuses on compliance and access control rather than the overarching governance framework of data. Structuring unstructured data primarily deals with data processing rather than the governance aspect. Similarly, a specific tool used in data mining pertains to a single function or technique rather than the comprehensive governance strategy required to ensure data quality and compliance across an organization.